TECH – China is pioneering a groundbreaking approach to building construction using membrane structural systems that do not rely on traditional concrete and steel reinforcement. These lightweight, fabric-based structures are gaining popularity for their speed of installation, sustainability, and striking aesthetic flexibility.
Cited from kompas.com, membrane structures also referred to as tensioned membrane buildings—use high-strength flexible films such as PVC, PTFE, or ETFE, suspended over supporting frames that can include steel masts or cables. Once tensioned, these membranes create stable, curved forms capable of spanning large areas with minimal internal supports. Their translucent surfaces nurture daylighting, reduce dependence on artificial lighting, and offer excellent thermal insulation.
This technology, introduced to China in the mid-1990s with projects like the Shanghai Stadium roof, quickly evolved. Early installations involved importing PTFE-coated fiberglass membranes engineered abroad. However, by the early 2000s, domestic companies began mastering design, production, and installation, enabling widespread adoption in stadiums, airports, exhibition halls, and sports facilities.
Today, China hosts over 400 specialized firms in the membrane sector, constructing more than one million square meters of tensile membrane each year. These structures are not only practical for large-span facilities but also rapidly deployed, often fabricated off-site and assembled on-site within weeks.
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Unlike heavy concrete and steel, membrane buildings offer economic, environmental, and functional advantages. Their lighter weight reduces raw material usage, lowers installation costs, and shortens construction timelines. The membranes also self-clean when it rains, maintain translucence for natural lighting, resist UV rays, and provide fire-retardant behavior .
From an architectural perspective, membranes free design from linear rigidity and enable flowing, curved forms tailored to site conditions and aesthetics. Their flexibility and translucency help create visually dynamic environments that integrate with natural and built landscapes .
Regulatory frameworks, such as China’s CECS 158:2004 technical specification and FZ/T 64014‑2009 coated fabric standard, provide industry guidelines to ensure quality and safety. CAD software has also advanced, streamlining design, testing, and fabrication processes.
International collaboration featuring joint ventures with companies from Japan, Germany, Italy, and the U.S. has enhanced technological transfer and innovation. Projects like Qingdao Estong Stadium and the Nanning International Convention Center exemplify successful domestic membrane design executed with global expertise.
As demand grows—driven by rapid urbanization and desire for landmark architecture—China’s membrane industry continues to thrive. Though still trailing global leaders in material innovation, it stands poised to claim the world’s top spot in membrane construction with continued investment in local production and design talent.
